Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, typically arising from glandular epithelial cells (adenocarcinoma) in the peripheral zone of the prostate. It is generally slow-growing and predictable in progression. Cancer cells may remain localized for years or metastasize to nearby lymph nodes, bone (especially vertebrae and pelvis), liver, and lungs. Tumor growth is largely driven by androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone). The nurse monitors for urinary symptoms, provides comfort measures, supports patients through diagnostic and treatment phases, and reports changes to the healthcare team.