Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Pancreatitis occurs when premature activation of pancreatic enzymes (trypsin, lipase, elastase) causes autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. The pancreas normally produces digestive enzymes in inactive forms that activate only in the duodenum. When the pancreatic duct is obstructed by gallstones or damaged by alcohol, enzymes activate within the gland, causing inflammation, edema, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Systemic release of cytokines increases capillary permeability and vasodilation, potentially leading to hypovolemic shock from third-spacing. The nurse monitors vital signs, pain characteristics, and intake/output, reporting changes promptly to the nursing team.