Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and destruction of synovial joints. The immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial membrane, causing synovitis with pannus formation (thickened, inflamed synovial tissue). The pannus erodes cartilage, bone, and joint capsules, leading to progressive deformity and loss of function. RA typically affects the small joints of the hands and wrists symmetrically. The nurse monitors joint status, assists with comfort measures, administers medications as ordered, and reinforces joint protection strategies.