Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a surgically implanted device that diverts excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles of the brain to the peritoneal cavity, where it is reabsorbed. Hydrocephalus occurs when CSF production exceeds absorption, or when flow is obstructed, causing ventricular dilation and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). The shunt system consists of a proximal catheter (in the ventricle), a one-way valve, and a distal catheter (in the peritoneum). The nurse monitors for signs of shunt malfunction and increased ICP, reports changes immediately, and assists with pre- and post-operative care.