Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age characterized by excess androgen production and irregular ovulation. Insulin resistance plays a central role - elevated insulin levels stimulate the ovaries to produce excess male hormones (androgens). These excess androgens disrupt normal follicle development, preventing ovulation and causing multiple small, immature follicles to accumulate in the ovaries. The resulting hormonal imbalance leads to irregular periods, acne, excess hair growth (hirsutism), and weight gain. PCOS also increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer due to chronic anovulation.