Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Hypospadias is a congenital defect resulting from the failure of the urethral folds to fuse completely during fetal development. This results in an abnormal urethral opening on the underside (ventral surface) of the penis, anywhere between the glans and the perineum. The defect may be accompanied by chordee (ventral curvature of the penis) and an incomplete foreskin (dorsal hood). If left untreated, hypospadias can cause difficulties with toilet training, frequent urinary tract infections, and inability to achieve normal erections. The nurse monitors for post-operative complications, assists with catheter care, and educates families on activity restrictions.