Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of morning sickness characterized by persistent, intractable nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that leads to significant weight loss (>5% of pre-pregnancy weight), dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and ketonuria. It is thought to be caused by rapidly rising levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogen, and progesterone. Unlike normal morning sickness which resolves by 12-14 weeks, hyperemesis can persist throughout pregnancy. The nurse monitors vital signs, intake and output, and dietary tolerance, reporting changes to the nursing team.