Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the upper female reproductive tract including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted bacteria, particularly Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which ascend from the cervix and vagina into the upper genital tract. The infection causes inflammation and swelling of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis), uterine lining (endometritis), and surrounding tissues. If untreated, scar tissue and adhesions form in the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Tubo-ovarian abscess is a serious complication requiring urgent treatment.