Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to any change in menstrual bleeding pattern that deviates from the normal cycle. This includes bleeding that is heavier than normal (menorrhagia), more frequent, prolonged, or occurs between periods (metrorrhagia). AUB can result from structural causes such as polyps, fibroids, or malignancy, or from non-structural causes such as hormonal imbalances (anovulation), coagulation disorders, or medication effects. Excessive blood loss can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, causing fatigue, pallor, and tachycardia. Monitoring bleeding patterns and recognizing signs of hemodynamic compromise are essential RPN responsibilities.